Narcissism 自恋 One important factor that needs to be kept in perspective in this case is Henry's pathological narcissism. This element consistently eluded therapeutic exploration, but it formed a central dimension of his pathology. His narcissistic expectations and his sense of infantile entitlement were prominent in all of his pathological involvements. He felt that the world owed him a comfortable living, and he resented having to work for it or earn it. He felt that his family owed it to him to take care of him and provide for him, and that any demands on him to work for what he got or to have to meet certain standards of performance were unjust and a cruel denial of what he felt was owed to him. He felt that the women he was involved with should surrender everything for his sake, that they should hold nothing back. Whatever was held back was interpreted by him as withholding from him, as rejection and abandonment. The pattern of narcissistic expectations and entitlement, frustration and disappointment of these expectations, and the resultant rage has been described by Murray (1964). 在处理这个案例时，需要始终铭记的一个重要因素是亨利的病理性自恋。这一因素在治疗过程中一直未被深入探讨，但它却是他病理特征的核心维度。他的自恋性期待和幼儿般的应得感在他所有的病理行为中都表现得尤为突出。他认为世界欠他一个舒适的生活，对于不得不为之努力或挣取而感到愤慨。他觉得家人有责任照顾他、供养他，任何要求他通过工作来获取所需或达到某种表现标准的行为，都被他视为不公，是对他应得权益的残酷剥夺。他认为与他交往的女性应该为他牺牲一切，不应有所保留。任何保留都被他解读为对他的剥夺，是拒绝和抛弃。默里（1964）描述了这种自恋性期待和应得感、这些期待受挫和失望，以及由此产生的愤怒的模式。 The narcissism in our patient strikes at an even deeper level. What escaped our scrutiny and exploration in this patient was his ambivalence toward his mother. Positive and idealizing attitudes were kept in the forefront, while the negative and resentful attitudes were submerged. In the patient's unresolved grief and mourning over his mother's death, the rage at his mother's betrayal and departure, and the deeper narcissistically motivated wishes for her death were completely beyond the patient's reach. His destructive fantasies were repressed and the destructive wishes projected onto his father. Murray observes in regard to one of his patients that 我们患者的自恋程度甚至更为深层。我们在这位患者身上未能深入审视和探讨的是他对母亲的矛盾情感。他将积极和理想化的态度置于表面，而将消极和怨恨的态度深藏起来。在患者因母亲去世而未能化解的悲伤和哀悼中，他对母亲背叛和离去的愤怒，以及更深层次上出于自恋动机希望她死去的愿望，完全超出了患者的意识范围。他的毁灭性幻想被压抑，而毁灭性的愿望则被投射到了父亲身上。默里曾就他的一位患者观察到： ... the continuous repetition compulsion of his assumed role in mother's injury is stimulated by the occurrence of any phallic impulse. Reaction to this is intolerable guilt and regressive flight to the fantasies of her pregenital world, which serves to weaken his reality sense. The narcissism validates his defensive attitudes and allows him to use all love objects as a milieu for the focus of his explosive rage and projection devices. Magic control, omnipotence, power of the wish, and full entitlement are all at work. But there is also a tremendous insecurity, because if one of these pregenital functions fails, the all-or-none law works and his world falls apart (p.495). ……任何阴茎冲动的出现，都会激发他不断重复地强迫自己扮演导致母亲受伤的角色。对此的反应是难以忍受的罪恶感，以及退行性地逃入她[此处“她”应为“他”]前生殖器期世界的幻想中，这削弱了他的现实感。自恋使他的防御态度合理化，并允许他将所有爱的客体作为他爆发性愤怒和投射机制的集中环境。魔幻控制、全能感、愿望的力量和完全的应得感都在起作用。但同时也存在着巨大的不安全感，因为如果这些前生殖器期功能中有一个失效，那么“全有或全无”的法则就会起作用，他的世界就会崩塌（第495页）。 In the present case, we can presume that the activation of phallic libidinal as well as aggressive impulses activated the latent and unconscious fantasies of his destructive wishes against his mother and thrust him regressively into the ambivalent torment of desperate longing to be close and fantasies of destroying the love object by the very closeness. The narcissism and the sense of entitlement to mother's love or its equivalent served both to buffer these fantasies and to justify his magical expectations and projections. 在本案中，我们可以推测，阴茎力比多冲动和攻击性冲动的激活，激发了他对母亲具有破坏性的潜在无意识幻想，并使他退行性地陷入一种矛盾的折磨之中，既绝望地渴望亲近，又幻想通过亲近来毁灭爱的对象。他的自恋以及对母爱或其等价物的应得感，既缓和了这些幻想，又为他的魔幻期望和投射提供了正当理由。