The Therapeutic Process 治疗过程 Don's ability to enter into the work of therapy was not immediate or without difficulty. He had first to assure himself that entering into a meaningful working relationship with me did not mean either that he would become passively engulfed and dependent on me as he had been on his mother, or that I would be rigid, demanding, and authoritarian as had been his father. My position was relatively neutral, objective, and dispassionate. I put no pressure on him for anything. I emphasized and consistently respected his independence and autonomy. My interest and focus of my questions and responses were simply to illuminate the inner meaning and purposes of his behavior. In the context of a good working relationship and with the maintenance of a consistent climate which neither pressured nor imposed anything on him. Don was able to mobilize and assert his own resources in the interest of treatment. Given a reassuring and supportive context for the therapeutic work, Don could begin to define and deal with the inner aspects of his own personality and its functioning. 唐进入治疗工作的能力不是立即的或没有困难的。他首先要让自己确信，与我建立一种有意义的工作关系，既不意味着他会像他依赖母亲那样被动地吞没于我，依赖于我，也不意味着我将像他父亲那样死板、苛刻、专制。我的立场相对中立、客观、冷静。我没有对他施加任何压力。我强调并一直尊重他的独立性和自主性。我的兴趣 和 我问题与回答的焦点 只是阐明他的行为的内在意义和目的。在良好的工作关系和维持一贯的气氛的情况下，既不给他任何压力，也不强加于他任何东西。唐能够调动和维护他自己的资源来进行治疗。如果治疗工作有了一个令人安心和支持的环境，唐就可以开始定义和处理他自己人格的内在方面及其功能。 We have discussed the organization of the crucial introjects already. They were reflected in his feelings of weakness and vulnerability and inadequacy on one hand, and in his fears of, and inability to express, anger on the other. His efforts to function autonomously and to effectively mobilize his initiatives had been compromised in varying degrees by these introjects. He struggled to assert and prove himself in many different areas of mastery—but always in the face of the risks involved in aggressive self-assertion and competitive strivings. Thus the introjects reinforced each other in his inner psychic economy; each was a defense against the other and each was needed as a defense against the threat of the other. The energies consumed in this inner struggle impeded the functioning of his ego and infringed severely on the areas of conflict-free functioning that were available to him. And as we have already seen, the projection of these introjective elements created significant difficulties in his adjustment to the outside world and in his ability to relate meaningfully to the people around him. Don functioned well and was relatively successful in establishing peer relationships—relationships in which his autonomy or independence was not questioned or threatened. He had considerable difficulty, however, in his relationships with superiors and authority figures, and in his relationships with women. In both these contexts the pattern of pathological interaction with his parents was revived. He saw authority figures largely as infringing on his autonomy and forcing him to do things he didn't want to do—or preventing him from doing things he wanted to do. And with women, of course, his sexual adequacy was challenged and called into question. 我们已经讨论了关键内摄物的组织。它们一方面反映在他的软弱、脆弱和不足的感觉上，另一方面反映在他对 对他人的愤怒 的恐惧和无法表达上。他自主工作和有效调动他的主动性的努力因这些内摄物在不同程度上受到了损害。他努力在许多不同的领域证明自己的能力，但总是要面对激进的自我主张和竞争努力所带来的风险。这样，这些内摄物在他内心的精神经济中就互相加强了；每一种都是对抗另一种的防御，每一种都作为对抗另一种威胁的防御而被需要着。在这种内心斗争中消耗的能量阻碍了他自我的功能，严重侵犯了他可以获得的无冲突功能领域。正如我们已经看到的，这些内摄元素的投射给他适应外部世界以及与周围人建立有意义的关系带来了很大的困难。唐表现良好，相对成功地建立了同伴关系——在这种关系中，他的自主性或独立性不受质疑或威胁。然而，在与上级和权威人士的关系上，以及与女性的关系上，他都有相当大的困难。在这两种情况下，他与父母的病态互动模式都复活了。他认为权威人士主要是在侵犯他的自主权，强迫他做他不想做的事——或者阻止他做他想做的事。当然，在女人面前，他的性能力受到了挑战和质疑。 The process of dealing with those introjects in therapy was a gradual one. We had to determine the elements of his inner thoughts and feelings that gave some indication of the functioning of these introjects. Gradually the relationship between these inner patterns of thought and feeling and the respective relationship with each of his parents became clearer. The working through of these introjective elements took the form of correcting the imbalance in his perception of his parents. As we considered the quality of their relationship and the patterns of their interaction, it became increasingly clear to Don that his mother had not been in fact as helpless and victimized as he had tended to picture her in his mind's eye. It also became apparent that his father was not so much the brutal aggressor that he had always thought. Rather he began to see the helplessness and dependency in his father. He began to see ways in which the alignments he had always seen were not the only dimensions of the interaction between his parents. In some ways it became apparent that his mother had been the aggressor, the attacker, the instigator of fights, undercutting and demeaning his father. Correlatively, he could also begin to see the ways in which his father was a victim. 在治疗中处理这些内摄物的过程是一个渐进的过程。我们必须确定他的内在思想和感受的元素，这些元素可以显示这些内摄物的功能。渐渐地，这些内在的思想和情感模式之间的关系，以及他与每一位父母各自的关系，变得越来越清楚了。这些内摄因素的作用表现为纠正他对父母认知的不平衡。当我们考虑到他们的关系质量和互动模式时，唐越来越清楚地意识到，他的母亲实际上并不像他在脑海中想象的那样无助和受害。很明显，他的父亲并不像他一直认为的那样是野蛮的攻击者。相反，他开始看到父亲身上的无助和依赖。他开始意识到，他一直看到的那些一致性并不是他父母之间互动的唯一维度。从某些方面来看，他的母亲显然是一个进攻者，一个攻击者，一个挑起打架的人，削弱和贬低他的父亲。相对而言，他也开始看到他的父亲是一个受害者。 Parallel to this gradual clarification of the roles of his parents and their interaction, Don was also able to begin to adjust the respective introjective elements internally. He began to see that he was not as weak or vulnerable or inadequate as he thought. He also began to understand that his anger was neither so destructive nor so terrifying as he had felt. As his internal perception of himself was gradually modified, he was increasingly able to test out some of his new perceptions. With the continuing review and more objective framework of evaluation provided in therapy, he was able to test the reality of his perceptions. He learned with time that his introjectively determined perceptions were more of the order of fantasy distortions. He came increasingly to see that the inner reality of himself was something less than a destructive monster and something more than a helpless victim. As he became less monster and less victim, the area for potential inner growth of his ego was enlarged, and the scope for the autonomous exercise of ego-functions was systematically enlarged. 在逐渐明确父母的角色和他们之间的互动的同时，唐也能够开始在内部调整各自的内摄元素。他开始意识到，自己并不像自己想象的那样软弱、脆弱或不足。他也开始明白，他的愤怒并不像他以前感觉的那样具有破坏性，也不那么可怕。随着他对自己的内在认知逐渐改变，他越来越能够检验自己的一些新认知。随着持续的回顾和治疗中提供的更客观的评估框架，他能够测试他的感知的真实性。随着时间的推移，他了解到他的内摄决定的知觉更多的是幻想扭曲的命令。他越来越认识到，自己的内在现实与其说是一个破坏性的怪物，不如说是一个无助的受害者。当他不再是怪物，也不再是受害者时，他自我内在潜在成长的区域就扩大了，自我功能自主行使的范围就系统地扩大了。