Victimized Introject 被迫害的内摄物 Several comments are worth making about these respective introjects. It is clear for the most part that the victimized introject is the basis for the depressive pathology that is so often seen in these patients. From what we have already said, it becomes apparent that the depressive aspects are the parts of themselves which the patients are most in touch with, and are most able to share with the therapist. It is somehow more acceptable to be a victim than a victimizing monster. The sharing of the victimized self, however, is not altogether easy, since it involves an opening to another of their defective and vulnerable selves. The capacity to do this again depends on the achievement of a certain degree of trust in the therapist. The degree of trust must be sufficient to allow the patient to feel that he will not be attacked or taken advantage of should he reveal this aspect of himself. 关于这些各自的内摄物，有几点值得说明。很明显，大多数情况下，受害者式的内摄是抑郁症的基础，这种抑郁症在这些患者中很常见。从我们已经说过的，很明显，抑郁的方面是患者与自己接触最多的部分，也是最能与治疗师分享的部分。在某种程度上，成为一个受害者比成为一个害人的怪物更容易被接受。然而，分享受害的自体并不容易，因为这涉及到另一个有缺陷和脆弱的自体。再一次这样做的能力取决于对治疗师有一定程度的信任。信任的程度必须足够让病人感到，如果他显露自己的这一面，他不会被攻击或利用。 The victimized introject, then, underlies the patient's depressive pathology. It is that aspect of himself that he devalues and denigrates. It is associated with often fairly painful affects—feelings of worthlessness and uselessness, helplessness, hopelessness, etc. But this depressive introject, however painful and loaded with discomfort it may be, is nonetheless more or less tolerable to the patient. Thus there is a tendency in these patients to allow themselves to function as, and see themselves in terms of, their status as victims, while the opposite state is one that is consistently avoided. Thus, when the delusional system evolves in schizophrenic patients particularly, the delusional system is felt to be directed against themselves as victims in some sense. 那么，被害的内摄物，是病人抑郁病理的基础。他贬低和诋毁的是自己的那一面。它常常与相当痛苦的感情联系在一起——无价值和无用、无助、无望等感觉。但这种抑郁性的内摄物，无论它多么痛苦，多么负载着不适，对病人来说还是多少可以忍受的。因此，这些患者有一种倾向，就是让自己以受害者的身份发挥作用，并以受害者的身份来看待自己，而相反的状态则是始终避免的。因此，当妄想系统特别是在精神分裂症患者身上演化时，就会感到妄想系统在某种意义上是针对作为受害者的自己的。 More intolerable, however, is the more aggressive and destructive introject that is overloaded with sadistic components, and which these patients cannot tolerate in themselves. Thus the projective delusions usually acquire a persecutory quality. It is as though the patient were saying "I am not a sadistic and destructive monster, but I am a victim of other forces which seek to persecute and destroy me." In all of our patients, consequently, the clinical picture is dominated to a large extent by the portrayal of themselves as in one way or another victimized, and it was often only with considerable therapeutic effort and over long periods of time that they were able to acknowledge any elements of sadistic aggressiveness in themselves. There is no question, however, as we have pointed out countless times, that the status of victim is an uncomfortable and painful one for the patients, and they exercise themselves in a variety of ways to escape from this painful condition. 然而，更让人无法忍受的是带有虐待狂成分的更具攻击性和破坏性的内摄物，而这些患者本身是无法忍受的。因此，投射性妄想通常会获得一种迫害性的品质。就好像病人在说："我不是一个虐待狂和破坏性的怪物，但我是其他力量的受害者，这些力量试图迫害和摧毁我。" 因此，在我们所有的病人中，临床表现在很大程度上都是把自己描绘成以某种方式受害的人，而且往往只有经过相当大的治疗努力和长时间的治疗，他们才能够承认自己身上的任何虐待狂攻击性因素。 然而，毫无疑问，正如我们无数次指出的那样，受害者的地位对病人来说是一种不舒服和痛苦的地位，他们用各种方式锻炼自己，以摆脱这种痛苦的状况。 One of the important emphases that must be understood in order to complete the understanding of the paranoid process, as well as to guide an effective therapeutic intervention, is that these introjects — both the victimized and victimizing ones — are correlative. They not only go together inevitably, but they feed off and reinforce each other. To this extent they rehearse the parental pathologies; the patterns of sadism and masochism are reciprocal and reinforcing. The more victimized, helpless, and defective the patient presents himself as being, the more we can assure ourselves that the accompanying introject of powerful aggressiveness is also a component of his intrapsychic organization. The powerlessness and dangerousness of the aggressive introject can be measured by the degree to which the patient feels himself also to be helpless, victimized, and inadequate. 为了完成对偏执过程的理解，以及指导有效的治疗干预，必须理解的重要重点之一是，这些内摄物——包括被害者和迫害者——是相互关联的。它们不仅不可避免地走在一起，而且相互之间还相互补充和加强。在这个程度上，他们排演了父母的病态；虐待狂和受虐狂的模式是相互影响和强化的。病人越是表现出自己的受害、无助和缺陷，我们就越能保证伴随着强大的攻击性的内摄物也是他的内部心理组织的一个组成部分。攻击性内摄物的无力性和危险性可以通过病人感到自己也是无助的、受害的和不足的程度来衡量。 It should also be noted that both of these introjective components are susceptible to projection. Paranoid patients are generally more prone to retain the depressive introject and deal with the aggressive introject by projection. However, there is almost always a projective component which is based on the depressive introject, so that the patient in one area or other of his experience feels himself to be harmful, dangerous, and as able to powerfully influence and hurtfully affect the lives of important individuals around him. A not uncommon feature in these patients is the tendency to assign themselves responsibility for the harmful or destructive events that occur around them. This is perfectly consistent with the depressive aspect of their pathology on the one hand, but also feeds into the view of themselves as powerfully destructive and hurtful. 还应注意的是，这两种内摄成分都容易被投射。一般来说，偏执患者更容易保留抑郁性内摄成分，通过投射来处理攻击性内摄成分。但是，几乎总是有一种投射成分，这种投射成分是建立在抑郁性内摄物的基础上的，因此，患者在他的某一领域或其他方面的经验中觉得自己是有害的、危险的，并且能够有力地影响和伤害周围重要个体的生活。在这些患者中，一个并不罕见的特征是倾向于把发生在自己周围的有害或破坏性事件的责任归咎于自己。这一方面与他们病理中的抑郁方面完全一致，另一方面也助长了他们把自己看成是具有强大破坏力和伤害力的人。 The psychology of the introjects and their involvement in the alternative processes of projection and introjection forms the underpinning for the process of blaming which is so characteristic of patients with paranoid tendencies. The blaming process is caught up in the assignment of responsibilities. As we have noted previously in our discussion, the depressive position, on the other hand, is one in which the responsibility is assigned to an external agency. 内摄物的心理以及他们参与投射和内摄的替代过程，构成了责备过程的基础，而责备过程是有偏执倾向的病人的特征。责备过程被卷入了责任的分配中。正如我们在前面的讨论中所指出的，另一方面，抑郁症心位是将责任分配给一个外部机构。 It should be noted immediately that on either pole of the functioning of introjection or projection blaming is at issue. Paradoxically, in the depressive state, it is the aggressive introject which is retained and which forms the basis of the patient's self-blaming. Conversely in the paranoid condition, it is the depressive introject which is retained, and the aggressive component which is projected externally and which is then seen as the agency of blame. 应该立即注意到，在内摄或投射功能的任何一极，责备都是有问题的。矛盾的是，在抑郁状态下，保留的是攻击性的内摄物，它构成了病人自责的基础。相反，在偏执症状态下，保留的是抑郁性内摄物，而攻击性成分被投射到外部，然后被视为责备的机构。 I add this observation since I think it complements the usual view of the depressive condition as a form of superego attack upon the ego. We might be led to think that the basic dynamism of self-blaming or guilt was based solely on the victimized introject. But I think it is important to see that the process involves another dimension which may be clinically more significant. Thus in the depressive state the patient is both victim and victimizer, but in the paranoid state he is able to regard himself more purely as only a victim. Thus the potential threat of seeing one's self as aggressive and as victimizer is mitigated. This allows us to appreciate from a different point of view the utility of the paranoid defense. 我补充这一观点，因为我认为它补充了通常的观点，即抑郁症是一种超我攻击自我的形式。我们可能会认为，自责或内疚的基本动力仅仅是基于受害的内摄者。但我认为重要的是要看到，这个过程涉及到另一个维度，这可能在临床上更重要。因此在抑郁状态下，病人既是受害者又是被害者，但在偏执状态下，他能够更纯粹地把自己仅仅看作是受害者。这样一来，把自己看成攻击性的和迫害者的潜在威胁就被减轻了。这使我们能够从不同的角度来理解偏执防御的效用。