Relation to Narcissism 与自恋的关系 We have already given adequate consideration to the pathology of envy and its relation to the paranoid process (see above pp.). There would be little point in recasting that discussion at this point, except to underline the intimate connection between envy and jealousy as pathological states of mind, or pathological affect states, and the vicissitudes of narcissism. 我们已经充分考虑到嫉妒的病理和它与偏执过程的关系(见上面的各页)。此刻，除了强调作为一种病态的心理状态，或病态的情感状态的嫉妒，与自恋的变迁之间的密切联系之外，再把这种讨论重新改写几乎没有意义。 On a clinical level, it must be said that envy has a marked component in the psychological makeup of all our patients. The component of envy is in each of them intimately tied up in the feelings of shamefulness and the correlative tendency to projection and blaming which characterized their pathological adjustment. To a man (or a woman) they all felt themselves to be deprived, cheated, unfortunates. In one way or another, they felt strongly and bitterly that life had somehow deprived them of something that was their due. 在临床层面上，嫉妒在我们所有患者的心理构成中都有显著的成分。他们每个人的嫉妒成分都与羞耻感密切相关，与投射和责备的相关倾向密切相关，而投射和责备是他们病态适应的特征。对一个男人(或女人)来说，他们都觉得自己被剥夺了权利，被欺骗了，是不幸的。不管怎样，他们强烈而痛苦地感到，生活在某种程度上剥夺了他们应得的东西。 Such envious feelings are frequently identifiable in narcissistic patients. The paradigm is that offered by Freud, namely that of the "exceptions" (1916). In these cases, as we have noted, the physical malformation serves as a narcissistic injury which allows the individual to feel deprived and correspondingly entitled to compensatory recognition or acceptance, or entitled to special considerations and benefits and benefits that others who have not suffered such deprivations are in no way entitled to. Such individuals feel they should not have to earn recognition, but it should be accorded them automatically. They feel resentful that they must work to support themselves, feeling the world somehow owes it to them to support them without such strenuous efforts on their own part. They have an abiding sense of unfairness at having to face, acknowledge, and submit themselves to the restraints and limitations of an unfeeling and forbidding reality (Jacobson, 1959). 这种嫉妒的感觉在自恋的患者中很常见。弗洛伊德提出的范式，即“异常”范式(1916)。在这些案例下,我们注意到,身体畸形是一个自恋的损伤,它允许个人感觉被剥夺和相应有资格获得补偿性的认可或接受，或有资格获得特殊考虑、利益，以及其他没有遭受这种剥夺的人无权获得的利益。这些人认为他们不应该不得不挣得认可，而是认可应该自动授予他们。他们对自己必须努力工作来养活自己感到愤愤不平，觉得世界在某种程度上欠他们，世界应该供养他们，而不必他们付出这么大的努力。他们有一种持久的不公平感，因为他们不得不面对、承认和屈服于无情和令人生畏的现实的约束和限制(雅各布森，1959)。 Such feelings of deprivation and resentful entitlement are often bound in with penis envy in certain female patients (Freud, 1916; Jacobson, 1959). But if we were to allow ourselves to consider only the genital implications and relation to castration concerns, we would miss the essential narcissistic dimension of this basic envy state. These feelings also can play a role in the transference. This was particularly true in one of my female patients whose narcissism was quite strongly fixated at an infantile level. At the birth of her two years younger brother, she felt herself deprived and cheated, particularly since she felt she was no longer the center of her parents' affection and attention, and she was forced to take a second place to her brother. 在某些女性患者身上，这种被剥夺的感觉和愤愤不平的权利经常与阴茎嫉妒联系在一起(弗洛伊德，1916;雅各布森,1959)。但如果我们只考虑对生殖器含义以及与阉割关注的关系，我们就会错过这种基本嫉妒状态的本质的自恋维度。这些感觉也可以在移情中发挥作用。这一点在我的一位女性患者身上表现得尤为明显，她的自恋倾向非常强烈地固着在婴儿的水平上。在小她两岁的弟弟出生的时候，她觉得自己被剥夺了权利，被欺骗了，尤其是因为她觉得自己不再是父母关爱和关注的中心，她被迫让位于弟弟。 The narcissistic loss and the resulting envy drove her to focus all her resentment on her brother's penis—the only obvious difference between herself and him upon which she could attach her attempts to understand why he had become more important than herself. Penis envy became a pervasive aspect of her neurotic adjustment and led to highly competitive and narcissistic ambitions which drove her to seek high academic accomplishments. When her efforts did not measure up to the level of her aspirations, she inevitably felt herself to be a failure, and plunged once again into the depressive trough. Her state of mind was overshadowed by the overwhelming conviction that anyone who did not have a penis was not worth anything and could never be in a position to achieve anything significant in life. 这种自恋的失落和随之而来的嫉妒驱使她把她所有的怨恨都集中在她弟弟的阴茎上——这是她和他之间唯一明显的区别，她可以借此理解为什么他变得比她更重要。阴茎嫉妒成为她神经调节的一个普遍方面，并导致高度竞争和自恋的野心，这驱使她追求更高的学术成就。当她的努力没有达到她的报复时，她不可避免地感到自己是一个失败者，并再次陷入抑郁的低谷。她的精神状态被一种压倒性的信念蒙上了阴影，那就是任何没有阴茎的人都一文不值，也永远不可能在生活中取得任何有意义的成就。 In the transference relationship, she carried the conviction that she could only improve her situation by depending on me and keeping in my good favor. This was a direct reflection of her childhood conviction that the only way she could maintain any importance or any value in her parents' eyes was by a continual attempt to please her father and keep in his good favor. She did not have a penis. 在这种移情关系中，她坚信只有依靠我，保持对我的好感，才能改善自己的处境。这直接反映了她童年时代的信念:她要想在父母的心目中保持自己的重要性或价值，唯一的办法就是不断取悦父亲，维护他的好感。她没有阴茎。 Only late in the analysis was this patient able to express and work through some of her intense envious feelings of me. She saw me as a strong, capable, helping person and came to feel she could rely on and trust me. But beyond this capacity for trust and her therapeutic compliance, there was the conviction that she had to depend on, please, and comply with my wishes, since it was only by clinging to a powerful penis-bearing object that she could have any hope of gaining strength for herself and stabilizing her sense of self-worth. Embedded in this was a deep and abiding sense of envy. This envy was focused on the issue of penis-power, but at a deeper primitive level, it cloaked the primitive oral rage at having been deprived of the pleasures of mother's breast and the accompanying infantile attention and adulation. 直到分析的后期，这个病人才能够表达并解决她对我强烈的嫉妒。她认为我是一个坚强、有能力、乐于助人的人，觉得她可以依靠和信任我。但除了让她信任的这种能力，以及她的治疗顺从性，这里还有一种信念，即她不得不依赖我，取悦我，顺从我的愿望，因为只有依附于一个强大的有阴茎的客体，她才能有希望获得自己的力量，并稳固她的自我价值感。这其中蕴含着一种深刻而持久的嫉妒感。这种嫉妒集中在阴茎权力的问题上，但在更深的原始层面，它掩盖了原始的口腔愤怒，因为被剥夺了母亲乳房的乐趣，以及随之而来的婴儿式的关注和奉承。