The Logic of Narcissism 自恋的逻辑 The presumption which Modell underlines is basically embedded in a narcissistic logic. The logic of narcissism states originally that if the subject is without a certain good, then everyone else must be in possession of it, so that the subject is therefore inferior. The postulate, true to the dynamics of narcissism, is unwilling to consider the proposition in any but absolute terms. That is, if the patient is deprived to any degree, the deprivation is seen as absolute. Consequently, if the patient feels himself to be so deprived, he sees himself as having nothing and others around him having everything. Herein lies the root of the jealousy. If the proposition can be converted, however, it would come to mean that when the patient comes to acquire some good others would thereby be deprived—and that the acquisition and deprivation had to be seen in absolute terms. Herein lies the root of a possible negative therapeutic response. Modell强调的假设基本上是嵌入在一个自恋的逻辑中。自恋的逻辑最初是这样表述的:如果主体没有某种好，那么其他所有人都一定拥有它，因此主体就处于劣势。这个假设(就自恋的动力学而言是对的)只愿意从绝对的角度来考虑这个命题。也就是说，如果病人被剥夺到某种程度，这种剥夺就被认为是绝对的。因此，如果病人觉得自己被如此剥夺了，他就认为自己什么都没有，周围的人什么都有，这就是嫉妒的根源。然而，如果命题可以转换，它就意味着当病人获得一些好的东西时，其他人就会被剥夺——而获得和剥夺必须被绝对地看待。这就是可能的消极治疗反应的根源。 The same process of envious possessiveness and blaming and the logic of absolutes can be seen in our patients. For Jimmy, whatever was possessed or attained by his brothers in any degree was thereby proscribed and prohibited for him. If his oldest brother was able to achieve academic success and recognition, this inevitably meant, by the inexorable logic of his narcissism, that Jimmy was foredoomed to academic failure and ineptitude. A similar process takes place in the process of blaming, which tends to gravitate toward the excessive extremes of the absolute. It is extremely difficult for such patients to accept and recognize that the course of real events and experiences through which they have passed may have been due to responsibilities and failures that could be shared by those around them as well as themselves. 嫉妒的占有、责备和绝对的逻辑，这同样的过程在我们的病人身上也可以看到。对吉姆来说，他的兄弟们所拥有或获得的任何东西，在任何程度上都因此被禁止。如果他的大哥能够在学术上获得成功和认可，按照他自恋的必然逻辑，这必然意味着吉姆注定要在学术上失败和无能。在责备的过程中也会发生类似的过程，责备倾向于走向绝对的极端。这些病人很难接受和认识到他们遭遇真实事件和经历的过程，可能是由于责任和失败造成的，而这些责任和失败可以由他们周围的人和他们自己共同承担。 It is very difficult for them to understand that responsibility as well as blame can be distributed in degrees and in proportions. There is a tendency to want to escape any onus of blame and discharge it from the self by projecting it onto others around them, particularly the parents. The logic of narcissistic injury dictates that if blame is to be accepted, then it must be accepted totally and absolutely. Similarly, if blame is to be charged against someone else, the charge must be total and absolute. Thus it was fascinating, in the course of Karen's treatment, to watch her vacillate back and forth between these two alternatives—either by accepting blame for what she had experienced and for her bitter anger and resentment about it, thus completely absolving and exonerating her parents and others who had disappointed her, or by discharging blame totally on them and seeing herself completely and rather paranoidally as a victim, helpless and vulnerable. 他们很难理解责任和责备可以按程度和比例来分配。有一种倾向是想要逃避任何责备的责任，并通过把它投射到周围的人身上，尤其是父母身上，来摆脱从自己身上摆脱它。自恋伤害的逻辑规定，如果要接受责备，就必须完全、绝对地接受。同样地，如果要指控别人，指控就必须是完全和绝对的。因此在凯伦的治疗过程中，看她在这两个选项之间摇摆是很有意思的。这两个选择是——要么为她所经历的，以及她关于它痛苦的愤怒和怨恨，接受责备，因此完全赦免他的父母和其他让她失望的人，要么将责备完全归在他们身上，把她自己完全和相当偏执地看作一个受害者，无助而脆弱。 The other interesting part about the dynamics of envy, which also contributes in part to the negative therapeutic response in these patients, is the persistence with which they adhere to their enviousness and the attendant resentment. This was particularly striking in Gloria's case, as we have noted in other respects elsewhere. This state of mind with its intense and perduring envy allows no room for forgiving or forgetting. For one very dramatic moment in the course of her therapy, Gloria stated flatly and unequivocally—as well as angrily and provocatively—that she had no intention of making any efforts to improve her lot or to help herself get better, that she had no intention of cooperating with the process of therapy any more than was minimally required. She expressed the intense feeling that she had been deprived, cheated, treated unfairly by her parents, and that it was up to them to do something about it. She said, "I'll be Goddamned if I'm going to budge a single inch! It's up to them to make up for what they did to me, and I'm not going to do anything to make it easier for them!" The statement was vehement, angry, bitter, stubborn, and unyielding. It reflected the intensity with which Gloria was clinging to her position of narcissistic affront, and the demand that it carried with it of the recompense that she felt was due to her. She would exact the price no matter what it cost her! 关于嫉妒动力学的另一个有趣的部分，也是这些病人产生消极治疗反应的部分原因，是他们坚持他们的嫉妒和随之而来的怨恨。正如我们在其他方面所指出的那样，这一点在格洛里亚的情况中特别突出。心里带着这种强烈而持久的嫉妒让人没有宽恕和遗忘的余地。为一个非常戏剧性的时刻她的治疗过程中,格洛丽亚断然地、毫不含糊地(并且愤怒地、挑衅地)说道,她无意做出任何努力改善她或帮助自己变得更好,她无意以任何超过最低限度要求的程度配合治疗的过程。她表达了一种强烈的感觉，那就是她被父母剥夺了，欺骗了，受到了不公平的对待，她的父母概要为此做点什么。她说:“我要是让一寸，我就是该受诅咒的!他们对我所做的一切都要由他们来弥补，我不会做任何让他们好受些的事!”这份声明是激烈的、愤怒的、苦涩的、顽固的、不屈的。这反映了格洛丽亚执拗地坚持她那自恋侮辱的立场，同时也反映了她认为应该得到的赔偿。不管花她自己多大代价，她都要索赔! It is plain that, in addition to the narcissistic mortification that lies behind such feelings, there is a great deal of aggression mobilized. We will focus more explicitly on the role of aggression in the following section, but at this point it is important that the aggressive component and its mobilization be seen in relation to the underlying narcissistic issues. The aggression in such paranoid states of mind is not a blind resentment or lashing out. It is rather a motivated response which has specific entanglements with the underlying narcissistic deprivations and traumata. This is of particular importance in the understanding of paranoid processes since what is often primarily the content of projective mechanisms is the derivative of aggressive impulses. But this brings us more immediately to the threshold of the consideration of aggression in the paranoid process. 很明显，除了隐藏在这种感觉背后的自恋屈辱之外，还有大量的攻击性被调动起来。在下一节中，我们将更明确地关注攻击性的作用，但在此刻，重要的是将攻击成分及其动员与潜在的自恋问题联系起来。在这种偏执状态下的攻击不是盲目的怨恨或痛打。这是一种有动机的反应，与潜在的自恋剥夺和创伤有特定的关联。这在理解偏执过程中是特别重要的，因为通常投射机制的内容基本是攻击性冲动的衍生物。但是，这使我们更直接地开始考虑偏执过程中的攻击问题。