Primary Narcissism 原初自恋 Freud originally postulated a state of primary narcissism which was gradually alterated in the course of development as the infant becomes aware of significant figures around him and becomes attached to them. This dependent and infantile attachment to significant others is never completely satisfying and is always discolored by human limitations. The greater the dissatisfaction and the less the infant's demands are met, the more he will cling to his original narcissism and its attendant egocentricity. Further failures, in the form of losses or disappointments, serve to further injure the sense of self. Such narcissistic defeats only serve to turn the infant back towards his self-contained primary egocentricity. Such deprivations are experienced as a loss of self-esteem. Rochlin writes: 弗洛伊德最初假定了一种原初自恋的状态，这种状态随着婴儿意识到周围的重要人物并对他们产生依恋而在发展过程中逐渐改变。这种对重要他人的依赖和婴儿式依恋永远不会完全令人满意，而且总是因为人类的局限而褪色。不满越强烈，婴儿的要求得到满足的越少，他就会越执着于他最初的自恋和随之而来的自我中心。更多的失败，以损失或失望的形式，会进一步伤害自我意识。这种自恋的失败只会使婴儿回到自我中心。这种剥夺被体验为一种自尊的丧失。Rochlin写道: The paradox is that the indulged child tolerates any deprivation poorly and is affected by it even more severely than one who has been less generously cared for. The more narcissism is indiscriminately satisfied, the less strain it bears. As the egocentric character of early childhood is extended through excessive gratification, it shows as an unconscious resistance to change with less and less effort to accommodation to others. The ordinary search for satisfaction or pleasure is not necessarily toward a further indulgence, although that may be present, as it is a hardening lack of compromise (1973, p. 50). 矛盾之处在于，被溺爱的孩子对任何剥夺的忍耐力都很差，而且受剥夺的影响甚至比那些没有得到很好的照顾的孩子更严重。自恋越不加区别地得到满足，其承受的压力就越小，因为儿童早期的自我中心特征是通过过度的满足延伸出来的，它表现为一种无意识的对改变的抗拒，对他人的迁就也越来越少。对满足或快乐的普通追求并不一定是进一步的放纵，尽管这可能存在，因为它是一种顽固的不妥协(1973，第50页)。 It is this disturbance in the equilibrium of primary narcissism produced by the shortcomings of maternal care and its associated disappointments and deprivations that leads the child in the direction of establishing the exhibitionistic grandiose self or to attributing the previous perfection to an omnipotent self-object, the idealized parent imago (Kohut, 1971). From the earliest moment of infantile existence throughout the rest of life, our unfulfilled needs and wishes compel us to relieve the sense of deprivation. The experience of deprivation, moreover, is intimately linked with the demeaning of self-esteem. The child's reach inevitably exceeds his grasp. His limited and feeble powers are impotent against the powers that oppose him. His feeble efforts to enforce his will and the frustration in not getting what he wants leave him both unsatisfied and threatened. 母亲照料的短缺，以及相关的失望和剥夺，引起了原初自恋平衡上的扰动，正是这种扰动，导致了建立了拉风夸大的自体，或者把之前的完美归因于一个无所不能的自体客体，即理想化的父母意象(科胡特,1971)。从婴儿期开始，到人生的最后阶段，我们未被满足的需求和愿望迫使我们去减轻被剥夺的感觉。此外，被剥夺的经历与自尊的贬低密切相关。孩子的所及，不可避免地超出了他的掌握范围。他那有限而微弱的力量对反对他的力量是无能为力的。他执行意志的软弱努力和得不到他想要的东西的沮丧使他既不满意又受到威胁。 These are significant blows to the developing child's sense of self-esteem. It is only when he begins to attach himself to another person and to invest that other with interests and importance that the primary state of narcissism begins to be eroded. Should this process fail, should it meet with obstacles and inhibitions, should it stumble upon frustrations and deprivation, narcissism suffers. Frustrated narcissism responds not with resignation, but with an intensification and obstinate clinging to its infantile and self-centered demands. The experience of Gloria can be taken as a stunning paradigm of this paradox of narcissism. The more frustrated and denied and deprived she was in her experience of her relationship with her parents the more stubbornly and obstinately did she cling to her narcissistic expectations. The more she was deprived, the more intently did she seem committed to her pain and suffering, and the more unwilling or unable she was to extricate herself from it. 这些都是对发展中的孩子的自尊感的重大打击。只有当他开始让自己依恋另一个人，并把自己的兴趣和重要性投入到另一个人时，自恋的原始状态才开始被侵蚀。如果这个过程失败了，如果它遇到障碍和抑制，如果它遇到挫折和剥夺，自恋就会遭殃。沮丧的自恋不会以顺从来回应，而是以一种强化和顽固的执著来坚持其婴儿式和以自我为中心的需求。格洛丽亚的经历可以被视为这种自恋悖论的一个令人震惊的范例。在她与父母的关系中，她越是沮丧、被否定、被剥夺，她就越是固执地坚持着她自恋的期望。她被剥夺得越多，她就越专注于自己的痛苦和苦难，越不愿意或不能摆脱它。