Role of Introjection-Projection 内摄-投射的作用 The essentially narcissistic and imagining character of object relations has also been identified in the psychopathology of borderline children (Fast and Chethik, 1972). In such children neither the self-representations nor the object-representations have been adequately integrated into stable and coherent wholes. Such children are caught up in the continual interaction between projective and introjective processes. These processes are fixated at an often primitive and highly defensive level and reflect a failure to achieve the transition out of narcissistic modes of relating into more mature and object-directed forms of cathexis. The failure of these primitive self- and object-representations to adequately differentiate provides the basis of splitting which is so characteristic of borderline pathology. As Modell (1963) has noted in this description of borderline relationships, the borderline patient establishes relationships to persons actually separate from themselves, but the object is then invested with qualities which almost entirely emanate from the self. 在边缘型儿童的精神病理学中也发现了本质上的自恋和想象的客体关系特征(Fast and Chethik, 1972)。在这些儿童中，自体表征和客体表征都没有被充分整合到稳定而连贯的整体中。这样的孩子陷入了投射和投射过程的持续互动中。这些过程被固定在一个通常是原始的和高度防御的水平，反映了实现从关系的自恋模式向更成熟和客体导向的精神投入形式的转变的失败。这些原始的自体和客体表征未能充分区分，为分裂提供了基础，而分裂正是边缘性病理学的特征。正如Modell(1963)在对边缘型关系的描述中所指出的那样，边缘型患者与人建立的关系实际上是与他们自己分离的，但随后客体被赋予了几乎完全来自于自体的品质。 Within this developmental perspective, then, we can begin to grasp the significance of the correlated processes of projection and introjection for the preservation of pathological narcissism. Introjection functions as a process of internalizing from the need-satisfying object or from the sustaining and powerfully omnipotent object what is required to maintain and preserve the residues of infantile narcissism. At the most primitive levels of development, where the earliest separations from the symbiotic partner threaten the infant's narcissistic omnipotence, introjection is equivalently a survival mechanism, since it fends off and serves as a defense against the impending annihilation. 在这个发展的视角下，我们可以开始理解投射和内摄的相关过程对于病态自恋的保存的意义。内摄是一种内化的过程，从满足需要的客体或从持续的、强大的、全能的客体开始，这是保持和保留婴儿时期自恋残余所必需的。在最原始的发展阶段，与共生伙伴的最早分离会威胁到婴儿的自恋性全能，因此，内摄等同于一种生存机制，因为它抵御并作为一种防御来抵御即将到来的毁灭。 At later phases of the developmental sequence, however, introjection serves as a basic defense against separation anxiety and preserves the nascent ego from the destructive effects of the loss of omnipotent control. At each phase of separation and individuation, therefore, the child must resolve the threat of an implicit narcissistic trauma by salvaging something from the separated object by way of introjection. 然而，在发展序列的后期阶段，内摄是对分离焦虑的一种基本防御，并保护新生的自我免受失去全能控制的破坏性影响。因此，在每一个分离和个体化的阶段，孩子都必须通过内摄的方式从被分离的客体中打捞出一些东西来解决隐性自恋创伤的威胁。 Projection functions in a reciprocal relationship with the underlying introjections. The infant's sense of narcissistic wholeness is threatened by unresolved and unneutralized aggressive impulses. The projection of these onto the idealized or omnipotent object can serve in part to neutralize and modify the intensity of these destructive impulses. However they also pose a threat to the dependent relationship and consequently the projection of such impulses may be displaced to other objects in a paranoid fashion. This is the typical pattern that we have been able to identify in the phobic anxieties of younger children and also in the frequently witnessed nightmare experiences. 投射在与底层内摄的互惠关系中发挥作用。婴儿的自恋的整体感觉受到了未解决和没有中和的攻击冲动的威胁。这些在理想化或全能客体上的投射可以部分地用于中和和修改这些破坏性冲动的强度。然而,他们也对依赖关系构成威胁,因此,这种冲动的投射可能会以一种偏执的方式转移到其他客体上。我们能够在年幼孩子的恐惧焦虑,以及经常发生的噩梦经历中识别出这些典型的模式。 Moreover, an important developmental impact of the interplay of introjection and projection is that by a process of continuing introjection, the child builds up a sense of internalized possession which becomes the nucleus of his emerging sense of self and the point of articulation for his sense of identity. Correspondingly, it is through the mechanism of projection that the differentiation between his own self and the selves of others is gradually defined and articulated. Consequently within this developmental context and in reference to the developmental process the interacting and correlated processes of introjection and projection play an essential role in providing the inner mechanisms by which the processes of separation and individuation become psychologically possible. Moreover they contribute in central and essential ways to the vicissitudes of object relationships. We have spoken at length in this analysis of the role of the self in the developmental process and particularly of its relationships to aspects of the paranoid process. It is to this central and illuminating point that we would wish to turn now. 此外，内摄和投射相互作用的一个重要的发展影响是通过一个持续的内摄的过程，孩子建立起一种内化的占有，这种占有成为他逐渐形成的自我意识的核心和他的身份感的连接点。相应地，正是通过投射的机制，他自己的自体与他人的自体之间的区别才逐渐被定义和表达出来。因此，在这种发展的背景下，在发展的过程中，相互作用和相互关联的内摄和投射过程在提供内在机制方面起着至关重要的作用，通过这种内在机制，分离和个体化的过程在心理上成为可能。此外，它们对客体关系的变迁起着重要的作用。我们已经详细地分析了自体在发展过程中的作用，特别是它与偏执过程的关系。我们现在希望转到这一中心和启发性的问题。